Levamisole hydrochloride ((-)-Tetramisole hydrochloride) is an antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects.

L-tetramisole （250及500 mg/mL）抑制来自BALB/c和NZB小鼠细胞中的IFN合成。L-tetramisole （125 mg/mL）只部分抑制IFN生成，且此效应出现在IFN生产较高时。L-tetramisole 影响生理性IFN的产生，但不影响由新城疫病毒（NDV）在小鼠腹膜细胞或L929细胞中诱导的IFN生成。[1]

Tetramisole治疗3周后平均粪便卵计数上升，并在随后的12周内持续高于Closantel或Albendazole处理组。[2]Tetramisole以剂量依赖的方式降低小鼠皮质神经元反应幅度，减缓小鼠皮质轴突的传导速度。[3]与对照组相比，Tetramisole显著增加了小鼠的刻板行为（梳理、嗅探、咬和舔以及头部摆动），并在第3、5、8天显著增加小鼠的刻板行为。Tetramisole处理（0.5和1 mg/kg）还显著减少了完成负地向性任务所需的时间。[4]